{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# EMBL Python User Group\n",
"## 2019-04-30 `dataclasses`\n",
"\n",
"__Toby Hodges__ ([toby.hodges@embl.de](mailto:toby.hodges@embl.de))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Material largely based on [this tutorial blogpost from RealPython](https://realpython.com/python-data-classes/)."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 51,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from dataclasses import dataclass"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 52,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"@dataclass\n",
"class Location:\n",
" name: str\n",
" lon: float\n",
" lat: float"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 53,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"here = Location(name=\"Heidelberg\", lat=49.398750, lon=8.672434)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 55,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"here = Location(name=\"Heidelberg\", lat=49.398750, lon=8.672434)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 56,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"__main__.Location"
]
},
"execution_count": 56,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(here)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 57,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Location(name='Heidelberg', lon=8.672434, lat=49.39875)\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(here)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 59,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"class NormalLocation:\n",
" def __init__(self, name, lat, lon):\n",
" self.name = name\n",
" self.lat = lat\n",
" self.lon = lon"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 60,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"there = NormalLocation(name=\"Redwood City\", lat=37.484779, lon=-122.228149)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 61,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"__main__.NormalLocation"
]
},
"execution_count": 61,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"type(there)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 62,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"<__main__.NormalLocation object at 0x112dc6eb8>\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(there)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"__Note__: think decorators are weird? No worries - you can also import the `dataclasses.make_dataclass` function and create your dataclass with that instead of using the `@dataclass`+`class` approach."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 63,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"False"
]
},
"execution_count": 63,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"there == normalLocation(name=\"Redwood City\", lat=37.484779, lon=-122.228149)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 64,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 64,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"here == Location(name=\"Heidelberg\", lat=49.398750, lon=8.672434)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Type Annotations"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 65,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"@dataclass\n",
"class Location:\n",
" name: str\n",
" lon: float\n",
" lat: float"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 66,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from typing import Any\n",
"@dataclass\n",
"class permissiveLocation:\n",
" name: str\n",
" lon: Any\n",
" lat: Any"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 67,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"nonsense = permissiveLocation(name=\"Alderaan\", lat=\"a long time ago\", lon=[\"a\", \"galaxy\", \"far\", \"far\", \"away\"])"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 68,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"permissiveLocation(name='Alderaan', lon=['a', 'galaxy', 'far', 'far', 'away'], lat='a long time ago')\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(nonsense)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Defaults"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 81,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"@dataclass\n",
"class Location:\n",
" name: str\n",
" lon: float=0.0\n",
" lat: float=0.0"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 74,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def mulitplier(a, b, c, d):\n",
" return a*b*c*d"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 75,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"def mulitplier(a, b, c, d=1):\n",
" return a*b*c*d"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 76,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "SyntaxError",
"evalue": "non-default argument follows default argument (<ipython-input-76-2de8e556e2da>, line 1)",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;36m File \u001b[0;32m\"<ipython-input-76-2de8e556e2da>\"\u001b[0;36m, line \u001b[0;32m1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31m def mulitplier(a=1, b, c, d):\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m ^\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;31mSyntaxError\u001b[0m\u001b[0;31m:\u001b[0m non-default argument follows default argument\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"def mulitplier(a=1, b, c, d):\n",
" return a*b*c*d"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 71,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Location(name='somewhere near the middle of the atlantic', lon=0.0, lat=0.0)\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"default_loc = Location(\"somewhere near the middle of the atlantic\")\n",
"print(default_loc)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"Methods are defined in the same way as usual."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 85,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from math import asin, cos, radians, sin, sqrt\n",
"\n",
"@dataclass\n",
"class Location:\n",
" name: str\n",
" lon: float=0.0\n",
" lat: float=0.0\n",
" def distance_to(self, other):\n",
" r = 6371 # Earth radius in kilometers\n",
" lam_1, lam_2 = radians(self.lon), radians(other.lon)\n",
" phi_1, phi_2 = radians(self.lat), radians(other.lat)\n",
" h = (sin((phi_2 - phi_1) / 2)**2\n",
" + cos(phi_1) * cos(phi_2) * sin((lam_2 - lam_1) / 2)**2)\n",
" return 2 * r * asin(sqrt(h))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 86,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"here = Location(name=\"Heidelberg\", lat=49.398750, lon=8.672434)\n",
"there = Location(name=\"Redwood City\", lat=37.484779, lon=-122.228149)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 87,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"9215.974289879121"
]
},
"execution_count": 87,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"here.distance_to(there)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Inheritance"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 83,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"@dataclass\n",
"class Location:\n",
" name: str\n",
" lon: float=0.0\n",
" lat: float=0.0\n",
"\n",
"@dataclass\n",
"class Capital(Location):\n",
" country: str=\"undefined\""
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 84,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"capital_of_germany = Capital(\"berlin\", lat=52.520008, lon=13.404954, country=\"Germany\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"#### Fields"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 88,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from typing import List\n",
"\n",
"@dataclass\n",
"class PlayingCard:\n",
" rank: str\n",
" suit: str\n",
"\n",
"@dataclass\n",
"class Deck:\n",
" cards: List[PlayingCard]\n",
"\n",
"RANKS = '2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 J Q K A'.split()\n",
"SUITS = '♣ ♢ ♡ ♠'.split()\n",
"def make_french_deck():\n",
" return [PlayingCard(r, s) for s in SUITS for r in RANKS]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"(See [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_input) for more about using Unicode input...)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 89,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"[PlayingCard(rank='2', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='3', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='4', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='5', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='6', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='7', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='8', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='9', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='10', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='J', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='Q', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='K', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='A', suit='♣'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='2', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='3', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='4', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='5', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='6', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='7', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='8', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='9', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='10', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='J', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='Q', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='K', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='A', suit='♢'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='2', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='3', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='4', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='5', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='6', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='7', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='8', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='9', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='10', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='J', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='Q', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='K', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='A', suit='♡'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='2', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='3', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='4', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='5', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='6', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='7', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='8', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='9', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='10', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='J', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='Q', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='K', suit='♠'),\n",
" PlayingCard(rank='A', suit='♠')]"
]
},
"execution_count": 89,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
"source": [
"make_french_deck()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 90,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "ValueError",
"evalue": "mutable default <class 'list'> for field cards is not allowed: use default_factory",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-90-c0e6c8958259>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;34m@\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdataclass\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 2\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mclass\u001b[0m \u001b[0mDeck\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 3\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcards\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m \u001b[0mList\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mPlayingCard\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmake_french_deck\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# here be dragons!\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[0;32m/anaconda2/envs/Py37/lib/python3.7/dataclasses.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mdataclass\u001b[0;34m(_cls, init, repr, eq, order, unsafe_hash, frozen)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 989\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 990\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# We're called as @dataclass without parens.\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 991\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mwrap\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_cls\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 992\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 993\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[0;32m/anaconda2/envs/Py37/lib/python3.7/dataclasses.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mwrap\u001b[0;34m(cls)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 981\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 982\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0mwrap\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcls\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 983\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_process_class\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcls\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0minit\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mrepr\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0meq\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0morder\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0munsafe_hash\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfrozen\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 984\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 985\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# See if we're being called as @dataclass or @dataclass().\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[0;32m/anaconda2/envs/Py37/lib/python3.7/dataclasses.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_process_class\u001b[0;34m(cls, init, repr, eq, order, unsafe_hash, frozen)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 832\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# we can.\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 833\u001b[0m cls_fields = [_get_field(cls, name, type)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 834\u001b[0;31m for name, type in cls_annotations.items()]\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 835\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcls_fields\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 836\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfields\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mname\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[0;32m/anaconda2/envs/Py37/lib/python3.7/dataclasses.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<listcomp>\u001b[0;34m(.0)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 832\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# we can.\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 833\u001b[0m cls_fields = [_get_field(cls, name, type)\n\u001b[0;32m--> 834\u001b[0;31m for name, type in cls_annotations.items()]\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 835\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mfor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32min\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcls_fields\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 836\u001b[0m \u001b[0mfields\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mname\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m]\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[0;32m/anaconda2/envs/Py37/lib/python3.7/dataclasses.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_get_field\u001b[0;34m(cls, a_name, a_type)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 725\u001b[0m \u001b[0;31m# For real fields, disallow mutable defaults for known types.\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m 726\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_field_type\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mis\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_FIELD\u001b[0m \u001b[0;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[0misinstance\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mf\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mdefault\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlist\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mdict\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mset\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m:\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m--> 727\u001b[0;31m raise ValueError(f'mutable default {type(f.default)} for field '\n\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32m 728\u001b[0m f'{f.name} is not allowed: use default_factory')\n\u001b[1;32m 729\u001b[0m \u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
"\u001b[0;31mValueError\u001b[0m: mutable default <class 'list'> for field cards is not allowed: use default_factory"
]
}
],
"source": [
"@dataclass(frozen=True)\n",
"class Deck:\n",
" cards: List[PlayingCard] = make_french_deck() # here be dragons!"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 91,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"from dataclasses import field\n",
"@dataclass\n",
"class Deck:\n",
" cards: List[PlayingCard] = field(default_factory=make_french_deck)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 92,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"deck = Deck()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 93,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stdout",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"[PlayingCard(rank='2', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='3', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='4', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='5', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='6', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='7', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='8', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='9', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='10', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='J', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='Q', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='K', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='A', suit='♣'), PlayingCard(rank='2', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='3', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='4', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='5', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='6', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='7', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='8', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='9', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='10', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='J', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='Q', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='K', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='A', suit='♢'), PlayingCard(rank='2', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='3', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='4', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='5', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='6', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='7', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='8', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='9', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='10', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='J', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='Q', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='K', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='A', suit='♡'), PlayingCard(rank='2', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='3', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='4', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='5', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='6', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='7', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='8', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='9', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='10', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='J', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='Q', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='K', suit='♠'), PlayingCard(rank='A', suit='♠')]\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"print(deck.cards)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 94,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"ename": "ModuleNotFoundError",
"evalue": "No module named 'attrs'",
"output_type": "error",
"traceback": [
"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mModuleNotFoundError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
"\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-94-680b1dd3aa84>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0;32mimport\u001b[0m \u001b[0mattrs\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
"\u001b[0;31mModuleNotFoundError\u001b[0m: No module named 'attrs'"
]
}
],
"source": [
"class Location:\n",
" __slots__(name, lon, lat)"
]
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "Python 3",
"language": "python",
"name": "python3"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": {
"name": "ipython",
"version": 3
},
"file_extension": ".py",
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
"name": "python",
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
"version": "3.7.3"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}